Sustiva (Efavirenz) Detailed Information

The active ingredient in Sustiva is **Efavirenz**. Inactive ingredients may include lactose monohydrate, sodium lauryl sulfate, magnesium stearate, and microcrystalline cellulose.

Common side effects of Sustiva include:

• Dizziness
• Drowsiness
• Insomnia
• Rash
• Headache
• Nausea

Less common but serious side effects include:

• Severe mood changes (depression, suicidal thoughts)
• Hallucinations or confusion
• Severe skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
• Liver problems (yellowing of skin or eyes, dark urine)
• Severe allergic reactions (rash, swelling, breathing difficulty)

If you experience severe side effects, seek medical attention immediately.

Sustiva is usually taken **once daily**, preferably at bedtime, to minimize central nervous system side effects. It should be taken on an empty stomach, as food may increase the risk of side effects.

Sustiva may interact with other medications, so consult your doctor if you are taking:

• Other HIV medications: May require dosage adjustments.
• Rifampin: May decrease Sustiva effectiveness.
• Anticonvulsants (e.g., Phenytoin, Carbamazepine): May lower Sustiva levels.
• Hormonal birth control: Effectiveness may be reduced; alternative contraception is recommended.
• Alcohol: Can increase dizziness and mental side effects.

Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking.

Sustiva begins working immediately to lower the HIV viral load, but it may take **several weeks to months** to see full benefits. Consistent use is essential for effectiveness.

If you experience severe side effects, seek medical attention immediately. Symptoms requiring urgent care include:

• Severe depression or suicidal thoughts
• Extreme confusion or hallucinations
• Severe rash or blistering skin
• Jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes)